TIEMPOS VERBALES

VERB TENSES

Simple Present (Present Simple) - Introduction

Simple present is also called present simple.

The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place once, never or several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the present.

 BE

Use:

• am with the personal pronoun II
• is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or with the singular form of nouns)
• are with the personal pronouns we, you or they (or with the plural form of nouns)

example: I am hungry.

HAVE

Use:

• have with the personal pronouns I, you, we und they (or with the plural form of nouns)
• has with the personal pronouns he, she, it (or with the singular form of nouns)

example: I have a dog. / I have got a dog.

All other verbs

Use:

• the infinite verb (play) with the personal pronouns I, you, we and they (or with the plural form of nouns)
• the verb + s (plays) with the personal pronouns he, she, it (or with the singular form of nouns)

Tips on how to form negative sentences and questions

Negative sentences and questions are formed with the auxiliary verb 'do'. 

The 3rd person singular of 'do' is 'does'. This means that in negative sentences and questions the 's' of the main verb is placed behind 'do'.

 EXERCISES: 

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?06

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?07 

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?08 

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?02 

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?05 

 

Simple Past (Past Simple)

The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.

Use of Simple Past

• action in the past taking place once, never or several times
  Example: He visited his parents every weekend.
• actions in the past taking place one after the other
  Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.
• action in the past taking place in the middle of another action
  Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
• if sentences type II (If I talked, …)
  Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.

Signal Words of Simple Past

• yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday

EXERCISES
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises?07
http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/uk/tour/oxford#exercises

Present Progressive - Introduction

The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action.

The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions that are arranged for the near future.
Present progressive is also known as present continuous.

Use a form of to be and the infinite verb plus -ing.

Use:

• am with the personal pronoun I
• is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or the singular form of nouns)
• are with the personal pronouns you, we, they (or the plural form of nouns)

Exercises:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-progressive/form/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-progressive/form/exercises?form05
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-progressive/form/exercises?form03

PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

Form of Present Perfect

	Positive	Negative	Question
I / you / we / they	I have spoken.	I have not spoken.	Have I spoken?
he / she / it	He has spoken.	He has not spoken.	Has he spoken?

Use of Present Perfect

• puts emphasis on the result
  Example: She has written five letters.
• action that is still going on
  Example: School has not started yet.
• action that stopped recently
  Example: She has cooked dinner.
• finished action that has an influence on the present
  Example: I have lost my key.
• action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
  Example: I have never been to Australia.

Signal Words of Present Perfect

• already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

EXERCISES
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?03
http://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/countries/uk/tour/loch-ness

Future

Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with regard to the future or an action in the future that cannot be influenced.

Form of will Future

	positive	negative	question
no differences	I will speak.	I will not speak.	Will I speak?

Use of will Future

• a spontaneous decision
  example: Wait, I will help you.
• an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future
  example: He will probably come back tomorrow.
• a promise
  example: I will not watch TV tonight.
• an action in the future that cannot be influenced
  example: It will rain tomorrow.
• conditional clauses type I
  example: If I arrive late, I will call you.

Signal Words

• in a year, next …, tomorrow
• Vermutung: I think, probably, perhaps

EXERCISES

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/future-1-will/exercises?02
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/future-1-will/exercises?03
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/future-1-will/exercises